三相BLDC/PMSM低壓馬達控制方案采用MC9S08AC16系列器件.這種8位MCU采用增強的HCS08內核,具有低成本和高性能,系列有各種模塊,存儲器容量,存儲器類型和封裝形式.MC9S08AC16和MC9S08AC8用于消費類電子和工業,MC9S08AW16A和MC9S08AW8A用于汽車電子.本文介紹了MC9S08AC16系列主要特性,方框圖,以及三相BLDC和PMSM低壓馬達控制方案主要特性,詳細電路圖以及材料清單(BOM).
3-Phase BLDC/PMSM Low- Voltage Motor Control Drive
The MC9S08AC16 Series devices are members of the low-cost, high-performance HCS08 Family of 8-bit microcontroller units (MCUs). All MCUs in the family use the enhanced HCS08 core and are available with a variety of modules, memory sizes, memory types, and package types.
MC9S08AC16 Series Devices
• Consumer & Industrial
— MC9S08AC16
MC9S08AC8
• Automotive
— MC9S08AW16A
— MC9S08AW8A
8-Bit HCS08 Central Processor Unit (CPU)
• 40-MHz HCS08 CPU (central processor unit)
• 20-MHz internal bus frequency
• HC08 instruction set with added BGND instruction
• Background debugging system
• Breakpoint capability to allow single breakpoint setting during in-circuit debugging (plus two more breakpoints in on-chip debug module)
• Debug module containing two comparators and nine trigger modes. Eight deep FIFO for storing change-of-flow addresses and event-only data. Debug module supports both tag and force breakpoints.
• Support for up to 32 interrupt/reset sources
Memory Options
• Up to 16 KB of on-chip in-circuit programmable FLASH memory with block protection and security options
• Up to 1 KB of on-chip RAM
Clock Source Options
• Clock source options include crystal, resonator, external clock, or internally generated clock with precision NVM trimming
System Protection
• Optional computer operating properly (COP) reset with option to run from independent internal clock source or bus clock
• Low-voltage detection with reset or interrupt
• Illegal opcode detection with reset
• Illegal address detection with reset
Power-Saving Modes
• Wait plus two stops
Peripherals
• ADC — 8-channel, 10-bit analog-to-digital converter with automatic compare function
• SCI — Two serial communications interface modules with optional 13-bit break
• SPI — Serial peripheral interface module
• IIC — Inter-integrated circuit bus module to operate at up to 100 kbps with maximum bus loading; capable of higher baud rates with reduced loading
• Timers — Three 16-bit timer/pulse-width modulator (TPM) modules — Two 2-channel and one 4-channel; each has selectable input capture, output compare, and edge-aligned PWM capability on each channel. Each timer module may be configured for buffered,centered PWM (CPWM) on all channels
• KBI — 7-pin keyboard interrupt module
Input/Output
• Up to 38 general-purpose input/output (I/O) pins
• Software selectable pullups on ports when used as inputs
• Software selectable slew rate control on ports when used as outputs
• Software selectable drive strength on ports when used as outputs
• Master reset pin and power-on reset (POR)
• Internal pullup on RESET, IRQ, and BKGD/MS pins to reduce customer system cost
Package Options
• 48-pin quad flat no-lead package (QFN)
• 44-pin low-profile quad flat package (LQFP)
• 42-pin shrink dual-in-line package (SDIP)
• 32-pin low-profile quad flat package (LQFP)
圖1.MC9S08AC16系列方框圖
圖2.MC9S08AC16系統時鐘分布方框圖
三相BLDC/PMSM低壓馬達控制驅動方案
Freescale’s 3-Phase BLDC/PMSM Low-Voltage Motor Control Drive is a 3-phase power stage that will operate with DC input voltages in the range 12–24 V, 4 A. Together with the daughter boards, it provides a software-development platform that allows algorithms to be written and tested without designing and building any hardware. It supports a variety of algorithms for PMSM and brushless DC (BLDC) motors.
The 3-Phase BLDC/PMSM Low-Voltage Motor Control Drive contains reverse-polarity protection circuitry, MOSFET-gate-drive circuits, analog-signal conditioning, low-voltage power supplies and bridge MOSFETs. The power devices do not need to be mounted on a heatsink.
There are controller daughter boards available with these controllers:
•MC56F8013/23 — LQFP32
•MC9S08AC16 — LQFP44
•MCF51AC256 — LQFP80
•MC9S08MP16 — LQFP48
•MC56F8006 — LQFP32
板主要特性:
•Power supply voltage input 12–24 V DC, extended up to 50 V (see chapter 2.2 Electrical Characteristics for details)
•Output current 4 A
•Power supply reverse polarity protection circuitry
•3-phase bridge inverter (6 MOSFET’s)
•3-phase MOSFET gate driver with overcurrent and undervoltage protection
•3-phase and DC-bus-current-sensing shunts
•DC-bus voltage sensing
•3-phase back-EMF voltage-sensing circuitry
•Low-voltage on-board power supplies
•Encoder/hall sensor sensing circuitry
•Motor power and signal connectors
•2 connectors for daughter board connection
•CAN physical layer
•USB interface
•User LED, power-on LED, 6 PWM LED diodes, and SCI activity LED diodes
•Up, down, toggle switches
•Reset push-button
圖3.三相BLDC/PMSM低壓馬達控制驅動板外形圖
圖4. 控制驅動板方框圖
圖5. 相位輸出電路圖
圖6. 總線反饋電路圖
圖7. 控制驅動板電路圖
圖8. 控制驅動板電路圖:模擬檢測-相電流檢測
圖9. 控制驅動板電路圖:模擬檢測-后EMF檢測
圖10. 控制驅動板電路圖:微插頭和其它電路-編碼器/霍爾傳感器和CAN
圖11. 控制驅動板電路圖:微插頭和其它電路-開關,用戶和PWM LED
圖12. 控制驅動板電路圖:微插頭和其它電路-子板連接器和RESET
圖13. 控制驅動板電路圖:微插頭和其它電路-USB/SCI橋
圖14. 控制驅動板電路圖:MOSFET驅動器
圖15. 控制驅動板電路圖:電源電路
圖16. 控制驅動板電路圖:電源電路(2)
控制驅動板材料清單(BOM):
